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Possible correspondences between Proto-Sinaitic and Phoenician letters.
Hieroglyph Proto-Sinaitic IPA value Reconstructed name Phoenician Imperial Aramaic Hebrew Nabataean
(from Aramaic)		 Ancient South Arabian
F1
𓃾[1][2]		 Aleph /ʔ/ʾalp "ox"[2][3] 𐤀𐤀 𐡀 א 𐩱
O1
𓉐[1][2]		 Bet /b/bayt "house"[2] 𐤁𐤁 𐡁 ב 𐩨
T14
𓌙[1][2]		 Gimel /g/gaml "throw-stick" [3] 𐤂𐤂 𐡂 ג 𐩴
O31
𓉿[2] or
K5
𓆟[1][a] or
K7
𓆡[1]		 Dalet /

Dalet

 /d/dalt "door"[2] or digg "fish"[3] 𐤃𐤃 𐡃 ד דּ 𐩵
A28
𓀠[1][2]		 Heh /h/haw "man calling"[3] or hillul "jubilate"[2] 𐤄𐤄 𐡄 ה 𐩠
T2
𓌈[1] or
T3
𓌉[1]		 Waw /w/waw "mace"[3] or "hook"[2] 𐤅𐤅 𐡅 ו 𐩥
Z4
𓐅[1][b] or
N34
𓈔[4] or
V13
𓍿[c][d] or
D13
𓂃[2][c] or
N16
𓇾[1]		 Zayin / Ziqq /z/zayn/zayt "sword"[citation needed] or "copper ingot"[4] or ziq "fetter"[2] 𐤆𐤆 𐡆 ז 𐩸
/ð/ ḏayp "eyebrow"[2] 𐡃

[5]

 𐩹
O6
𓉗[2][c] or
O42
𓊏 or
O31
𓉿[1][a]		 Ḥet / 𓎛 /ħ/ḥaṣir "mansion"[2] or (ḥêt)"fence"[3] 𐤇𐤇 𐡇 ח‬ 𐩢
V28
𓎛[1][2][e]		 /x/ (ḫa) "hank of yarn"[3] or ḫayt "thread"[2] 𐩭
F35
𓄤[2] or
O49
𓊖[f]
Ṭet
/ Ṭet (Proto-Canaanite)		 /tˤ/ṭab "good"[2] or ṭayt "spindle"[3] 𐤈𐤈 𐡈 ט‬ 𐩷
D36
𓂝[1][2]		 Yad Yad /j/yad "arm"[3] or "hand"[2] 𐤉𐤉 𐡉 י 𐩺
D46
𓂧[1][2]		 Khof /k/kap(p) "palm"[3][2] 𐤊𐤊 𐡊 ךכ 𐩫
S39
𓋿[2] or
V1
𓍢[1][b]		 Lamed /l/lamd "goad"[2][3] 𐤋𐤋 𐡋 ל 𐩡
N35
𓈖[1][2]		 Mem /m/maym "water"[2] 𐤌𐤌 𐡌 םמ 𐩣
I10
𓆓[1][2]		 Nun /n/naḥš "snake"[3][2] 𐤍𐤍 𐡍 ןנ 𐩬
R11
𓊽 [2][f] or
K1
𓆛 [2][a]		 Samekh(Proto-Canaanite) /

Samekh

 /s/samk "fish/support"[3][2] 𐤎𐤎 𐡎 ס 𐩯
D4
𓁹[1][2]		 Ayin /ʕ/ʿayn "eye"[3][2] 𐤏𐤏 𐡏 ע 𐩲
V28
𓎛[e] or
M43
𓇭[2][c]		 𓎛 / Ghayn /ɣ/ (ġa) (unknown)[3] or ġinab "grape"[2] 𐩶
D21
𓂋[2] or
O38
𓊋[1][g]
Pe (Semitic letter)
/p/pu "mouth"[2] or pʿit "corner"[3] 𐤐𐤐 𐡐 ףפ 𐩰
M22
𓇑[1] or
V33
𓎤[2][c] or
M16
𓇉[1]		 Tsade /sˤ/(ṣad) "plant"[3] or ṣirar "bag"[2] 𐤑𐤑 𐡑 ץצ 𐩮
/ɬˤ/? 𐡏

[5]

 𐩳
S35
𓋺[2]		 /θˤ/ ẓil "shade"[2] 𐡈

[5]

 𐩼
V24
𓎗[2]		 Qoph /kˤ/qu(p) "monkey"[3][6] or qaw "cord, line"[2] 𐤒𐤒 𐡒 ק 𐩤
[1][2] or
D19
𓂉[1]		 Resh /r/raʾš "head"[2][3] 𐤓𐤓 𐡓 ר 𐩧
N6
𓇴[2]		 Shin /ʃ/ šamš "sun"[2] 𐤔𐤔 𐡔 שׁ שׂ 𐩪
T9
𓌒[d] or
Aa32
𓐮[1]		 (Proto-Canaanite ś)[7] / Shin /ɬ/?ṯann "composite bow"[8][3] or ṯad "breast"[2] 𐩦
/θ/ 𐡕

[5]

 𐩻
Z9
𓏴[1]		 Tof /t/taw "mark"[3][2] 𐤕𐤕 ת תּ 𐩩
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Simons 2011, p. 38, fig. 2.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Colless 2010, p. 96, fig. 5.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Albright 1966, fig. 1.
  4. 1 2 Cross, F. M. (1980) Newly Found Inscriptions in Old Canaanite and Early Phoenician Scripts. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 238, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1356511
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Aramaic and Hebrew: A linguistic comparison". vocab.chat. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
  6. ↑ Pandey, Anshuman (30 July 2019). "Revisiting the Encoding of Proto Sinaitic in Unicode" (PDF). Unicode.org.
  7. ↑ Vainstub, Daniel; Mumcuoglu, Madeleine; Hasel, Michael G.; Hesler, Katherine M.; Lavi, Miriam; Rabinovich, Rivka; Goren, Yuval; Garfinkel, Yosef. "A Canaanite's Wish to Eradicate Lice on an Inscribed Ivory Comb from Lachish" (PDF). Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
  8. ↑ "šnn / Semitic roots". The Free Dictionary. Farlex, Inc. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
  1. 1 2 3 𓆛's name may be reconstructed as "digg," "nūn," or "samk." When both 𓉿 and 𓆛 are found within the same inscription, they are either thought to be the same allophone, or they are thought to be misinterpreted as 𓉗 or Samekh respectively.[citation needed]
  2. 1 2 Glyph matches graphically, but not the reconstructed name.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Glyph matches reconstructed name, but not graphically.
  4. 1 2 /ð/ seems to have merged with /z/ as part of Th-alveolarization. For the same or similar reason, the Phoenicians seem to have merged /θ/ with /ʃ/.[citation needed]
  5. 1 2 The Phoenicians seems to have merged 𓎛 with either 𓉗 or Ghayn.[citation needed] Ghayn, in turn, seems to have merged with 𓁹.
  6. 1 2 Glyph graphically matches the Phoenician glyph, but not the proto-sinaitic.
  7. ↑ The 16-character Wadi el-Hol inscription contains two different glyphs that resemble both 𓂋 and 𓊋. Additionally, both glyphs may be mistaken for 𓁹 and 𓌙 respectively.[citation needed]
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