Sennar
Sennar
سنار | |
|---|---|
 Sennar University Gate | |
  Sennar Location in Sudan | |
| Coordinates: 13°33′N 33°35′E / 13.550°N 33.583°E | |
| Country |  Sudan |
| State | Sennar State |
| Population (2007) | |
• Total | 143,059 |
Sennar (Arabic: سنار, romanized: Sannār) is a city on the Blue Nile in Sudan and possibly the capital of the state of Sennar.[1] For several centuries it was the capital of the Funj Kingdom of Sennar and until at least 2011, Sennar was the capital of Sennar State.
History
[edit]The area was under Kushite and Meroitic rule from 750 BC to around 350 AD.[2] The area came under Alwan rule, Which Alwa ruled Sennar for centuries, after which the Alwans were overthrown by the Funj who made Sennar their capital.
Climate
[edit]Despite receiving over 430 millimetres or 17 inches of rainfall per year, the extreme heat and high evapotranspiration means Sennar only has a very borderline hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh), lying extremely close to a hot arid climate (BWh). Like all of the Sahel, Sennar features a short wet season from mid-June to September, and a long dry season. The dry season itself divides into a merely hot period from October to February and a sweltering period from March to mid-June when the monsoon arrives, reducing the extreme heat but making the weather even more uncomfortable due to higher humidity.
| Climate data for Sennar (1991–2020, extremes 1907–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 44 (111) |
45.9 (114.6) |
47 (117) |
47 (117) |
47 (117) |
46.5 (115.7) |
42.7 (108.9) |
41.5 (106.7) |
44.6 (112.3) |
46 (115) |
41.5 (106.7) |
40.3 (104.5) |
47 (117) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.4 (92.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.2 (102.6) |
41.8 (107.2) |
40.7 (105.3) |
39.1 (102.4) |
35.6 (96.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.6 (96.1) |
37.5 (99.5) |
36.8 (98.2) |
34.2 (93.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.2 (73.8) |
25.4 (77.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.7 (90.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
28.4 (83.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) |
14.8 (58.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
14.2 (57.6) |
19.8 (67.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4 (39) |
4.6 (40.3) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
15 (59) |
16.7 (62.1) |
17 (63) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17 (63) |
13 (55) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
4 (39) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.1 (0.00) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.1 (0.04) |
2.1 (0.08) |
22.4 (0.88) |
43.3 (1.70) |
127.5 (5.02) |
146.0 (5.75) |
68.3 (2.69) |
23.4 (0.92) |
2.5 (0.10) |
0.0 (0.0) |
436.6 (17.19) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 4.3 | 8.9 | 10.9 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 35.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 39 | 31 | 26 | 25 | 36 | 48 | 64 | 73 | 68 | 58 | 44 | 44 | 46 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 313.1 | 274.4 | 297.6 | 279.0 | 266.6 | 240.0 | 204.6 | 201.5 | 237.0 | 282.1 | 306.0 | 316.2 | 3,218.1 |
| Source 1: NOAA[3][4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[5] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1973 (Census) | 28,546 |
| 1983 (Census) | 42,803 |
| 1993 (Census) | 72,187 |
| 2007 (Estimate) | 143,059 |
Notable people
[edit]- Nasra bint ʿAdlan, Sudanese royalty
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ "Sudan tribune news site". Archived from the original on October 15, 2012.
- ↑ "Meroitic - Oxford Reference" https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100151608?d=%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100151608&p=emailAA62FcxhQE6qk
- ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Sennar". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
- ↑ "Sennar Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (FTP). Retrieved 22 October 2016. (To view documents see Help:FTP)
- ↑ "Station Sennar" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Sennar (town) at Wikimedia Commons
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