Portal:Turkey

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Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 86 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya.

First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to various ancient peoples. The Hattians were assimilated by the Hittites and other Anatolian peoples. Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization after Alexander the Great's conquests, and later Romanization during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded. Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major changes, reforms, centralization, and rising nationalism while its territory declined.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea. Under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. Turkey emerged as a more homogenous nation state. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by its founder and first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but was involved in the Korean War. Several military interventions interfered with the transition to a multi-party system.

Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the world's 16th-largest by nominal and 11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. As the 15th-largest electricity producer in the world, Turkey aims to become a hub for regional energy transportation. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a NATO member and has its second-largest military personnel. It may be recognized as an emerging, a middle, and a regional power. As an EU candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union.

Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges with rising elevation eastwards. Turkey's climate is diverse, ranging from Mediterranean and other temperate climates to semi-arid and continental types. Home to three biodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey has a universal healthcare system, growing access to education, and increasing levels of innovativeness. It is a leading TV content exporter. With numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites and intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine, Turkey is the fourth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)

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Miniature from the Majma al-Tawarikh by Hafiz Abru circa 1425; which depicts accession to the throne by Alp Arslan

Alp Arslan (Persian: آلپ ارسلان; full name: Muhammad Alp Arslan bin Dawud Chaghri) was the second sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty and the empire. He reigned from 1063 until his assassination in 1072.

Alp Arslan greatly expanded Seljuk territories and consolidated his power, defeating rivals to the south, east, and northwest. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1100th year anniversary in Republic Day (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 2Turkish folk dance regions (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 3Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 4Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 5Yalıs along Sarıyer (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 6Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 7Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from History of Turkey)
Image 8Aziz Sancar was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 9Butterfly Valley on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 10View of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 11A view of Levent from Kanlıca across the Bosporus. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 12Mount Erciyes near Kayseri (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 13An oil wrestling tournament (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 14Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 15Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from History of Turkey)
Image 16Elif Şafak, a prominent writer and LGBT activist. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 17Nuri Bilge Ceylan (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 18Topkapı Palace in Seraglio Point (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 19Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 20Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 21Visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to Turkey in October 1917. Together with the Mehmed V and Enver Pasha (from History of Turkey)
Image 22Mount Nemrut, Adıyaman (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 23Grand Post Office in Istanbul, an example of the first national architectural movement. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 24View of Beydağları Coastal National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 25Atatürk on the cover of the Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from History of Turkey)
Image 26Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 27A lady handweaves a carpet in Cappadocia (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 28Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–1574) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 29The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent. (from History of Turkey)
Image 30Istanbul (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 31The Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the start of the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (from History of Turkey)
Image 32Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
Image 33Lake Van (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 34Bronze Age Anatolia (from History of Turkey)
Image 35Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 36Halide Edip Adıvar was a novelist, teacher, and a nationalist and feminist intellectual. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 37Antalya (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 38Kilitbahir in Gallipoli (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 39Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 40The empire in 555 under Justinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of the Western Roman Empire (its vassals in pink) (from History of Turkey)
Image 41Kaçkar Mountains. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 42A Turkish belly dancer (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 43Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 44Ankara (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 45Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 46Entrance portal of the Karatay Madrasa in Konya (c. 1251) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 47Regions of Roman Anatolia (from History of Turkey)
Image 48'Two Musician Girls' of Osman Hamdi Bey. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 49A woman in traditional clothing (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 50Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)

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... that the Ottoman torpedo boat Sultanhisar attacked and seriously damaged the Australian submarine HMAS AE2 in 1915 but rescued all the crew before the submarine went down in the Sea of Marmara? (April 12, 2011)
... that the Romanian crude oil tanker M/T Independenţa burnt for weeks in 1979 after colliding with a freighter? (August 10, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 161
... that Turkish Army's Güvercinlik Air Base was the first civil airport of Ankara that served as such from 1933 until 1955? (October 6, 2010)
... that the mosque of Kalenderhane
(pictured) in Istanbul contained the most ancient cycle of frescoes portraying Saint Francis of Assisi still extant? (May 27, 2007)
... the Ionian University of Smyrna, established in Turkey by Greece during the occupation of Smyrna, was never opened due to latter's defeat in the Greco-Turkish War? (June 18, 2011)
... that it was discovered that about 10,000 Muslim graves in Cebeci Asri Cemetery, Ankara, Turkey were not oriented in the direction required by Islam? (March 29, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 130
... that the female footballer Bilgin Defterli decided to go to Germany because she saw no chance to play football in Turkey due to the dissolution of women's football leagues in 2003? (December 19, 2013)

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Image 1A faculty of Sakarya University
Image 2Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Image 3Rize
Image 4The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 5Mount Nemrut
Image 6Tünel, Istanbul
Image 7Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 8The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Image 9Lake Akdoğan in Muş
Image 10Ölüdeniz
Image 11Atatürk praying
Image 12Lahmacun
Image 13the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
Image 14The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Image 15The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Image 16Iznik, 16th-century vase
Image 17Cappadocia
Image 18Antalya
Image 19A tram in Istanbul
Image 201. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 2118th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 22Kemer
Image 23the Bosphorus Bridge
Image 24Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 25A Kocek
Image 26Safranbolu
Image 27An airplane with a nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".

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Said Altınordu (born Said Bey, 24 July 1912 – 17 November 1978), alternatively spelled Sait Altınordu, was a Turkish international footballer. Being a notable one-club man, Altınordu remains one of the most symbolic footballers of the Turkish city of İzmir, along with Vahap Özaltay of Altay S.K. and Fuat Göztepe of Göztepe S.K. His identification with Altınordu S.K. led him to choose the official name of the club as his surname, following the Surname Law of Turkey enacted in 1934.

Altınordu spent his entire career at Altınordu S.K., winning 6 İzmir Football League titles; he is widely considered to be the club's greatest player of all time. Altınordu also won 4 caps for Turkey between 1932 and 1937, and was part of their squad at the 1936 Summer Olympics; no other Altınordu S.K. players were called up to the Turkey national team for 78 years, until Çağlar Söyüncü was invited in 2016. (Full article...)

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Ephesus was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, three kilometres southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey

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“

A satiated man doesn't know what's hunger, a healthy man doesn't know what's disease.

”

Turkish proverb

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya, Byzantine Empire, SMS Goeben, The Turk, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, Italian War of 1521–1526, Italian War of 1542–1546, List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit, 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash, Battle of Vaslui, Church of St. Polyeuctus, First Crusade, Great Zab, Hood event, Limyra Bridge, Siege of Szigetvár, Night Attack at Târgoviște, Third Perso-Turkic War, Walls of Constantinople, Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Lone Pine