Nickel(II) iodide
 Hexahydrate | |
-iodide-xtal-3D-SF.png) | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Nickel(II) iodide | |
| Other names
Nickelous iodide | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.319 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| I2Ni | |
| Molar mass | 312.5023 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | iron-black solid (anhydrous) bluish-green solid (hexahydrate) |
| Density | 5.384 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 780 °C (1,440 °F; 1,050 K) (anhydrous) 43 °C (hexahydrate, loses water) |
| 124.2 g/100 mL (0 °C) 188.2 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
| Solubility | alcohols |
| +3875.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling:[1] | |
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| Danger | |
| H317, H334, H341, H350i, H360D, H372, H410 | |
| P203, P233, P260, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P391, P403, P405, P501 | |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions |
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Other cations |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nickel(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula NiI2. This paramagnetic black solid dissolves readily in water to give bluish-green solutions,[2] from which crystallizes the aquo complex [Ni(H2O)6]I2 (image above).[3] This bluish-green colour is typical of hydrated nickel(II) compounds. Nickel iodides find some applications in homogeneous catalysis.
Structure and synthesis
[edit]The anhydrous material crystallizes in the CdCl2 motif, featuring octahedral coordination geometry at each Ni(II) center.
Hydrated NiI2 is produced by treating nickel(II) hydroxide with hydroiodic acid.[4] Anhydrous NiI2 is prepared by dehydration of its hydrates at 140 °C. [5] The anhydrous form can be produced by treating powdered nickel with iodine.[6]
Applications
[edit]Catalysis
[edit]NiI2 has some industrial applications as a catalyst in carbonylation reactions.[7] It is also has niche uses as a reagent in organic synthesis, especially in conjunction with samarium(II) iodide.[8]
Like many nickel complexes, those derived from hydrated nickel iodide have been used in cross coupling.[9]
Spintronics
[edit]At 60 K (−213.2 °C; −351.7 °F) crystalline NiI2 exhibits p-wave magnetism, in which the spins of nickel atoms became arranged in a spiral pattern in two orientations. The orientations can be switched via a small electrical current. If it can be applied in digital devices, this spintronics behavior requires far less current than the conventional charge-based electronics that powers devices such as computers and phones.[10]
References
[edit]- ↑ PubChem. "Nickel diiodide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-01-24.
- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ Louër, Michele; Grandjean, Daniel; Weigel, Dominique (1973). "Structure Cristalline et Expansion Thermique de l'Iodure de Nickel Hexahydrate" (Crystal structure and thermal expansion of nickel(II) iodide hexahydrate)". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 7: 222–8. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(73)90157-6.
- ↑ O. Glemser (1963). "Cobalt, Nickel". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 1547.
- ↑ Ward, Laird G. L. (1972). "Anhydrous Nickel(II) Halides and their Tetrakis(ethanol) and 1,2-Dimethoxyethane Complexes". Anhydrous Nickel (II) Halides and their Tetrakis(Ethanol) and 1,2-Dimethoxyethane Complexes. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 13. pp. 154–164. doi:10.1002/9780470132449.ch30. ISBN 9780470132449.
- ↑ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1990). Chemie der Elemente (in German). Weinheim. p. 1476. ISBN 978-3-527-26169-7. OCLC 46170372.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ W. Bertleff, M. Roeper, X. Sava, "Carbonylation" in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2003. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_217.
- ↑ Shinichi Saito (2008). "Nickel(II) Iodide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn00843. ISBN 978-0471936237.
- ↑ Everson, Daniel A.; Shrestha, Ruja; Weix, Daniel J. (2010-01-27). "Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with Alkyl Halides". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (3): 920–921. Bibcode:2010JAChS.132..920E. doi:10.1021/ja9093956. PMID 20047282.
- ↑ Ghoshal, Abhimanyu (2025-06-14). "Newly observed magnetic state could unlock ultrafast memory chips". New Atlas. Retrieved 2025-06-20.