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Fibrobacterota

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Fibrobacterota
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Pseudomonadati
Phylum: Fibrobacterota
Garrity & Holt 2021[1]
Classes
Synonyms
  • "Fibrobacteraeota" Oren et al. 2015
  • "Fibrobacteres" Garrity and Holt 2001
  • "Fibrobacterota" Whitman et al. 2018

Fibrobacterota is a bacterial phylum that includes cellulose-degrading bacteria associated with the digestive tracts of mammals, including ruminants.[2] The genus Fibrobacter was separated from Bacteroides in 1988.[3]

Phylogeny and comparative genomic studies

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Although Fibrobacterota is recognized as a distinct phylum, phylogenetic studies based on RpoC and DNA gyrase B protein sequences indicate that it is related to the phyla Bacteroidota and Chlorobiota.[4] Species from these three phyla also cluster together based on conserved signature indels in several proteins.[5] Comparative genomic studies identified two conserved signature indels—a five- to seven-amino-acid insert in the RpoC protein and a 13- to 16-amino-acid insertion in serine hydroxymethyltransferase—and one signature protein (PG00081) shared by species from these phyla.[6] These results support the placement of Fibrobacterota, Bacteroidota, and Chlorobiota in the FCB group.[4][6]

Phylogeny

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The trees below compare a 16S rRNA gene phylogeny from LTP_10_2024 with a genome-based phylogeny from GTDB release R11-RS232.

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[7][8][9] 120 marker proteins based GTDB R11-RS232[10][11][12]
Fibrobacteria
Fibrobacterales
Fibrobacter succinogenes

F. s. elongatus

F. s. succinogenes

Hallerella

H. porci

H. succinigenes

Fibrobacter intestinalis

Fibrobacteraceae

GTDB treats Fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. elongatus as Fibrobacter elongatus and assigns Fibrobacter intestinalis to Hallerella as Hallerella intestinalis. LPSN retains the former as a subspecies of F. succinogenes and the latter as F. intestinalis.[11][13][14]

Taxonomy

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The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[15] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[16]

Fibrobacterota and some of its phylogenetic neighbours

Distribution

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Fibrobacterota is part of the FCB group, which also includes Bacteroidota and Chlorobiota.[4][6] Members of the genus Fibrobacter occur in the digestive tracts of mammals, including cattle and pigs.[19] The two described species in this genus, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Fibrobacter intestinalis, are members of fibrolytic communities in mammalian digestive tracts and have been studied for their ability to degrade plant fibre.

Molecular evidence based on the amplification of 16S rRNA genes from various environments suggests that the phylum is more widespread than was initially recognized.[20][21] In these studies, most clones from mammalian environments grouped with the known isolates in what was called subphylum 1.[21] Members of the group called subphylum 2 were found in the guts of termites and some litter-feeding cockroaches.[21][22][23] Members of subphylum 2 were abundant in fibre-associated bacterial communities in the hindguts of the wood-feeding termite Nasutitermes corniger.[24]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987. S2CID 239887308.
  2. ↑ Ransom-Jones, Emma; Jones, David L.; McCarthy, Alan J.; McDonald, James E. (2012). "The Fibrobacteres: an important phylum of cellulose-degrading bacteria". Microbial Ecology. 63 (2): 267–281. doi:10.1007/s00248-011-9998-1. PMID 22213055.
  3. ↑ Montgomery L, Flesher B, Stahl D (1988). "Transfer of Bacteroides succinogenes (Hungate) to Fibrobacter gen. nov. as Fibrobacter succinogenes comb. nov. and description of Fibrobacter intestinalis sp. nov". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38 (4): 430–435. doi:10.1099/00207713-38-4-430.
  4. 1 2 3 Gupta, R. S. (2004). "The phylogeny and signature sequences characteristics of Fibrobacteres, Chlorobi, and Bacteroidetes". Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 30 (2): 123–140. doi:10.1080/10408410490435133. PMID 15239383. S2CID 24565648.
  5. ↑ Griffiths, E; Gupta, RS (2001). "The use of signature sequences in different proteins to determine the relative branching order of bacterial divisions: evidence that Fibrobacter diverged at a similar time to Chlamydia and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides division". Microbiology. 147 (9): 2611–22. doi:10.1099/00221287-147-9-2611. PMID 11535801.
  6. 1 2 3 Gupta, R. S.; Lorenzini, E. (2007). "Phylogeny and molecular signatures (conserved proteins and indels) that are specific for the Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi species". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 71. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-71. PMC 1887533. PMID 17488508.
  7. ↑ "The LTP". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  8. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  9. ↑ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  10. ↑ "GTDB release R11-RS232". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
  11. 1 2 "bac120_r232.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
  12. ↑ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
  13. ↑ Fibrobacter in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (2026). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 54 (D1): D884–D891. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
  14. 1 2 Hallerella in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (2026). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 54 (D1): D884–D891. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
  15. ↑ Fibrobacterota in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (2026). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 54 (D1): D884–D891. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
  16. ↑ Schoch CL; et al. "Fibrobacterota". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2026-07-27.
  17. ↑ Cellulosispirillum in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (2026). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 54 (D1): D884–D891. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
  18. ↑ Fibrobacteria in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (2026). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 54 (D1): D884–D891. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
  19. ↑ Qi, M.; Nelson, K.E.; Daugherty, S.C.; Nelson, W.C.; Hance, I.R.; Morrison, M.; Forsberg, C.W. (2005). "Novel molecular features of the fibrolytic intestinal bacterium Fibrobacter intestinalis not shared with Fibrobacter succinogenes as determined by suppressive subtractive hybridization". Journal of Bacteriology. 187 (11): 3739–3751. doi:10.1128/jb.187.11.3739-3751.2005. PMC 1112041. PMID 15901698.
  20. ↑ McDonald, JE; Lockhart, RJ; Cox, MJ; Allison, HE; McCarthy, AJ (2008). "Detection of novel Fibrobacter populations in landfill sites and determination of their relative abundance via quantitative PCR". Environmental Microbiology. 10 (5): 1310–1319. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01544.x. PMID 18266756.
  21. 1 2 3 Hongoh, Y.; Deevong, P.; Hattori, S.; Inoue, T.; Noda, S.; Noparatnaraporn, N.; Kudo, T.; Ohkuma, M. (2006). "Phylogenetic diversity, localization, and cell morphologies of members of the candidate phylum TG3 and a subphylum in the phylum Fibrobacteres, recently discovered bacterial groups dominant in termite guts". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (10): 6780–6788. Bibcode:2006ApEnM..72.6780H. doi:10.1128/aem.00891-06. PMC 1610327. PMID 17021231.
  22. ↑ Mikaelyan, A.; Dietrich, C.; Köhler, T.; Poulsen, M.; Sillam-Dussès, D.; Brune, A. (2015). "Diet is the primary determinant of bacterial community structure in the guts of higher termites". Molecular Ecology. 24 (20): 5824–5895. doi:10.1111/mec.13376. PMID 26348261. S2CID 206182668.
  23. ↑ Mikaelyan, A.; Köhler, T.; Lampert, N.; Rohland, J.; Boga, H.; Meuser, K.; Brune, A. (2015). "Classifying the bacterial gut microbiota of termites and cockroaches: A curated phylogenetic reference database (DictDb)". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 38 (7): 472–482. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2015.07.004. PMID 26283320.
  24. ↑ Mikaelyan, A.; Strassert, J.; Tokuda, G.; Brune, A. (2014). "The fibre-associated cellulolytic bacterial community in the hindgut of wood-feeding higher termites (Nasutitermes spp.)". Environmental Microbiology. 16 (9): 2711–2722. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12425.

Further reading

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  • Holt JG, ed. (1994). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th ed.). Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-683-00603-2.
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