Draft:KangDuo
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Comment: Ostensibly the same text as in the previous draft, which was deleted under G15: Special:AbuseLog/44861218. ‑‑gurkubondinn 15:52, 13 August 2026 (UTC)
- Comment: In accordance with the Wikimedia Foundation's Terms of Use, I disclose that I have been paid by my employer for my contributions to this article. MilKos94 (talk) 08:39, 13 August 2026 (UTC)
KangDuo is a multi-port robotic surgical platform developed in China by Sagebot for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.[1][2] Models include the SR 01, SR 1500 and SR 2000.[3][4] The platform has been used in urological, colorectal and gynecological surgery, as well as in telesurgery.[3][5][6][2]
History and development
[edit]Clinical use of the SR 01 model dates back to 2020. A prospective series at Peking University First Hospital included 110 urological procedures performed with the system between August 2020 and April 2023, including partial nephrectomy, urinary tract reconstruction and radical prostatectomy.[3]
Later models include the SR 1500 and SR 2000. The SR 1500 uses a three-arm configuration, while the SR 2000 uses four robotic arms.[4]
Outside China, clinical use of KangDuo systems has been reported in several countries, including Poland,[7][8] Azerbaijan,[9] Ecuador[10] and Saudi Arabia.[11] In May 2026, the SR 2000 entered clinical use at the Mazovia Urological Specialist Hospital in Ząbki. These procedures were reported as the first clinical use of the KangDuo platform in Europe; 4 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies were performed during the initial series.[7][8]
In November 2023, the SR 01 was used for a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy involving three surgeons operating from three separate locations in China.[2] In 2026, a KangDuo system at Clínica Santa Bárbara in Ecuador was involved in a collaborative telesurgical procedure with a surgical team in Harbin.[10] In July of the same year, the platform was used for remote robotic surgery between Riyadh and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia.[11]
System design
[edit]The SR 01 and SR 2000 models use an open surgeon console from which the surgeon controls the robotic instruments.[1][7] The SR 01 uses a three-arm patient-side system, with two arms carrying surgical instruments and a third carrying the endoscope.[3]
The newer model SR 2000, uses a four-arm patient cart and a separate vision cart.[4][12] Its surgeon console incorporates a three-dimensional high-definition display and two master manipulators. The SR 2000 is described as a seven-degree-of-freedom master–slave robotic system..[12]
Clinical evaluation
[edit]Clinical research on the KangDuo platform has focused primarily on urological surgery. Prospective comparative trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have evaluated the system in procedures including partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy and urinary tract reconstruction, including comparisons with the Da Vinci Surgical System.[3][13][14]
The platform has also been studied in other surgical specialties. Comparative clinical research has been published in colorectal surgery, while gynaecological applications have been assessed in clinical studies and systematic reviews.[5][6]
The SR 2000 has been evaluated separately in prospective clinical studies. Published research has assessed its use in partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy and radical cystectomy.[12][15][16]
Regulatory status
[edit]In June 2022, the SR 01 received approval from China's National Medical Products Administration.[3]
In 2025, the KangDuo surgical system obtained certification under the European Union Medical Device Regulation (MDR). The SR 2000 model is CE-marked for use in urology, gynaecology, general surgery and thoracic surgery.[17]
References
[edit]- 1 2 Rocco, B.; Moschovas, M. C.; Saikali, S. (2024). "Insights from telesurgery expert conference on recent clinical experience and current status of remote surgery". Journal of Robotic Surgery. 18 240. doi:10.1007/s11701-024-01984-w.
- 1 2 3 Rogers, T.; Moschovas, M. C.; Saikali, S. (2024). "Triple-console robotic telesurgery: first impressions and future impact". Journal of Robotic Surgery. 18 381. doi:10.1007/s11701-024-02141-z.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Xiong, S.; Fan, S.; Chen, S. (2023). "Robotic urologic surgery using the KangDuo-Surgical Robot-01 system: A single-center prospective analysis". Chinese Medical Journal. 136 (24): 2960–2966. doi:10.1097/CM9.0000000000002920. PMID 38013503.
- 1 2 3 Xu, L.; Li, X.; Fan, S. (2024). "Analysis of KangDuo-SR-1500 and KangDuo-SR-2000 robotic partial nephrectomy from an operative and ergonomic perspective: a prospective controlled study in porcine models". Journal of Robotic Surgery. 18 26. doi:10.1007/s11701-023-01770-0.
- 1 2 Zhou, Y.; Leng, M.; Zhuang, D. (2025). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of the comparative effectiveness and short-term outcomes of the KangDuo and da Vinci robotic platforms in colorectal cancer surgery". Journal of Robotic Surgery. 19 556. doi:10.1007/s11701-025-02743-1.
- 1 2 Bruno, M.; Arrigo, D.; D'Indinosante, M. (2026). "Emerging robotic platforms in gynecologic surgery: a systematic review". Journal of Robotic Surgery. 20 634. doi:10.1007/s11701-026-03590-4.
- 1 2 3 Patrycja Seklecka (26 June 2026). "W czym robot jest lepszy od człowieka? Operacje robotyczne okiem prof. Szopińskiego". Polskie Radio Program I (in Polish). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
- 1 2 Krzysztof Jakubiak (21 May 2026). "Pierwsze operacje robotem KangDuo w Polsce i Europie". mZdrowie (in Polish). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
- ↑ "First surgery involving robot assistant performed in Azerbaijan". Report.az. 25 September 2025. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
- 1 2 Laborde, Antonia (6 July 2026). "El detrás de escena de la telecirugía a 35.000 kilómetros de distancia: 'Nuestro afán nunca fue romper un récord'". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
- 1 2 "National Guard Health Affairs Performs Saudi Arabia's First Remote Robotic Surgery between Riyadh and Jeddah". Saudi Press Agency. 19 July 2026. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 Gupta, R.; Wang, H.; Xu, T. (2025). "Comparable perioperative performance between three robotic system for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy to treat early renal cancer". Scientific Reports. 15 31402. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-11434-8.
- ↑ Ficarra, V.; Rossanese, M.; Giannarini, G. (2024). "Evaluation of Clinical Research on Novel Multiport Robotic Platforms for Urological Surgery According to the IDEAL Framework: A Systematic Review of the Literature". European Urology Open Science. 67: 7–25. doi:10.1016/j.euros.2024.06.014.
- ↑ Wen, Z.; Yang, Y. X.; Yu, S. (2025). "KangDuo surgical robot versus da Vinci robotic system in urologic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Robotic Surgery. 19 6. doi:10.1007/s11701-024-02165-5.
- ↑ Tao, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Wang, Z. (2026). "Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Using the KangDuo-SR-2000: A Prospective, Multicenter, Single-Arm Clinical Study". The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery. 22 (3) e70167. doi:10.1002/rcs.70167.
- ↑ Feng, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhou, A.; Wu, H.; Xu, W.; Xu, Y. (2025). "Short-term outcomes comparison of KangDuo 2.0 and Da Vinci Xi in radical cystectomy". Scientific Reports. 15 11739. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95382-3.
- ↑ Cieśla, Ismena (29 January 2026). "Nowa technologia na sali operacyjnej. USK nr 4 testuje nowoczesnego robota". Dziennik Wschodni (in Polish). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
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