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Pipes of Peace

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Pipes of Peace
Studio album by
Paul McCartney
Released31 October 1983 (1983-10-31)
RecordedDecember 1980, January–May, September–December 1981, April, September–October 1982, January–February, July–August 1983[1]
StudiosAIR and Odyssey, London; AIR, Montserrat; Cherokee and Hollywood Sound, Los Angeles; Sigma Sound, New York City; Park Gates Studio, Battle, East Sussex[1]
GenrePop
Length38:58
LabelsParlophone (UK), Columbia (US)
ProducerGeorge Martin
Paul McCartney chronology
Tug of War
(1982)		 Pipes of Peace
(1983)		 Give My Regards to Broad Street
(1984)
Singles from Pipes of Peace
  1. "Say Say Say"
    Released: 3 October 1983
  2. "Pipes of Peace" / "So Bad"
    Released: 5 December 1983

Pipes of Peace is the fifth solo album by the English singer-songwriter Paul McCartney, released on 31 October 1983 through Parlophone and Columbia Records. The follow-up to the highly successful Tug of War (1982), the album was produced by George Martin, who also produced the previous album. Recording for Pipes of Peace took place between December 1980 and August 1983; several tracks originated from the Tug of War sessions. A pop album, Pipes of Peace is more electronic-influenced than its predecessor. The album features two collaborations between McCartney and Michael Jackson, "Say Say Say" and "The Man". The former, released as a single, topped the charts in seven countries, including the US. "Pipes of Peace", released as the second single, was a UK number one for two weeks.

Commercially, Pipes of Peace failed to match the success of Tug of War, peaking at number four in the UK and number 15 in the US, becoming McCartney's first album not to reach the top ten of the Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart. Music critics generally dismissed it as a safe record and inferior to its predecessor, although some complimented the production and vocal performances. Retrospective reviews have also been mixed. It has been reissued several times, including in 2015 as part of the Paul McCartney Archive Collection.

Background and recording

[edit]

Pipes of Peace was McCartney's second consecutive solo collaboration with producer George Martin, following his previous album Tug of War. According to the author Luca Perasi, McCartney intended for the projects to be "twin albums".[1] At the time, McCartney stated:[2]

Tug of War is supposed to be about the theme of opposites, dichotomy. The duality. [...] It's not easy to bring together two sides of the coin. In Pipes of Peace, I wanted to answer that question: 'How do you ever get the dualities together?' There's a little quote from Rabindranath Tagore, an Indian poet, 'In love all of life's contradictions dissolve and disappear.' It seems to me that that's the thing. In love, duality mystically goes away.

Pipes of Peace was recorded sporadically between December 1980 and August 1983. Recording halted in November 1982 when McCartney began filming Give My Regards to Broad Street.[1] Four of the album's final eleven songs – "Hey Hey", "Sweetest Little Show", "Keep Under Cover" and "Average Person" – originated from the Tug of War sessions and were recorded from December 1980 and February 1981 at AIR Studios in London and Montserrat and at Park Gates Studio in Battle, East Sussex. The two collaborations with Michael Jackson – "Say Say Say" and "The Man" – were recorded in May 1981.[3]

Other songs were mostly recorded at AIR in London. These included "Tug of Peace" (in January 1982), "Pipes of Peace", "So Bad" and "Through Our Love" (in September 1982), and "The Other Me" and the outtake "It's Not On" (in January–February 1983). These sessions were engineered by Geoff Emerick, assisted by Jon Jacobs.[4] Like Tug of War, Pipes of Peace was mixed at Montserrat using digital equipment.[5]

Composition

[edit]
A black and white photo of Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson
Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson in 1983. The two duetted on the songs "Say Say Say" and "The Man".

Pipes of Peace is a pop album[6] containing both ballads and midtempo rockers.[7] Unlike Tug of War, the album features an electro-tinged sound and,[8] and according to AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, feels "fleet, adventurous, and modern" compared to its "consciously classical" predecessor.[9] According to Martin, this stylistic change was deliberate:[2]

When we started Tug of War, my thoughts to Paul were, 'Let's make a slightly harder, a more funky album than perhaps you have done in the past ... ' In fact, Pipes of Peace became more what we were looking for in Tug of War and certainly Michael Jackson's tracks seemed to get more of that dynamism.

The album opens with its title track, which Erlewine notes "mirrors" the preceding album's title track "Tug of War".[9] McCartney later described the song as an anthem for peace.[10] "Say Say Say" blends funk with country and western and alternates between chorus and verse in its song structure.[11] "The Other Me" explores the feeling of impostor syndrome; in his book The Lyrics: 1956 to the Present, McCartney stated it was an example of "be[ing] your own psychiatrist. You're reviewing your actions, admitting your faults and then looking for the solution which will make it better next time."[12][13] Erlewine characterises it as a "bit of confession disgused as a synthesized soft rock lark", while he likens "Keep Under Cover" to the Wings album Red Rose Speedway (1973).[9] "So Bad" is a homage to the quiet storm-era work of Smokey Robinson, with McCartney utilising falsetto vocals.[8]

"The Man" is another duet with Jackson, which Ron Hart of Pitchfork considers to be "a little closer [to] Paul territory" in comparison with "Say Say Say" due to its "strummy acoustic charm and Wings-esque bombast".[8] Erlewine calls it a "super-slick bit of yacht pop".[9] "Sweetest Little Show" originated from a 1980 jam session with Wings guitarist Denny Lane, which Nick DeRiso credits with giving the track its "Wings-like exuberance".[14] "Average Person" displays elements of music hall, with Erlewine citing it as an instance of the record's "whimsy slid[ing] right into silliness".[9] According to McCartney, the track's music hall influences came from his father Jim McCartney, while the lyrics came from his idea that ordinary people have "hidden sides and ambitions".[15]

On the track "Tug of Peace", McCartney blends the title song to Tug of War with that of the new album; Erlewine describes the mix as "an almost-electro collage that twists the songs into McCartney II territory".[9] Despite finding the mash-up to be ultimately "clunky", Hart argues that the track foreshadows McCartney's later electronic work on Liverpool Sound Collage (2000) and as the Fireman.[8] The album closes with the ballad "Through Our Love", whose orchestral arrangement DeRiso compares to Phil Spector's work on the Beatles' Let It Be (1970).[16]

Release

[edit]

"Say Say Say" was released as the album's lead single on 3 October 1983.[11] It was a major commercial success, topping the charts in seven countries – Canada, France, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the US, where it was certified platinum. In the UK, it peaked at number two.[11] Following "Say Say Say", the album's title track, released in the UK on 5 December 1983, became a UK number 1 for two weeks and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).[17] In the US, the B-side "So Bad" hit number 23.[18] "The Man" was intended for release as a single on 12 February 1984 but was cancelled by McCartney shortly before release.[19]

Pipes of Peace was released on 31 October 1983.[1] Its cover artwork was photographed by Linda McCartney. The original gatefold sleeve featured song titles and images of musicians who played on the album. The inner sleeve featured song lyrics and two images: one of the painting Vincent's Chair with Pipe (1888) by Vincent van Gogh and one of the sculpture in chrome Van Gogh's Chair (1966) by Clive Barker.[20] Commercially, Pipes of Peace failed to match the success of Tug of War. In the UK, it peaked at number 4, selling 300,000 copies, and number 15 in the US, becoming McCartney's first album not to reach the top 10 of the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart.[20] It was, however, certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[21] Elsewhere, the album topped the chart in Norway and reached number 3 in Spain, 5 in Japan, 8 in Italy and 10 in Canada.[20] According to McCartney biographer Howard Sounes, the album's commercial reception was "slightly disappointing, considering the quality of the work".[22]

Critical reception

[edit]

Initial reviews

[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
The Cincinnati EnquirerStarStar[23]
Record MirrorStarStarStar[24]
Rolling StoneStarStar[25]
Robert ChristgauB–[26]
Smash Hits5/10[27]

Critical reaction was less positive than that which greeted Tug of War, with many calling Pipes of Peace inferior to that album.[28][29][6] Several reviewers dismissed Pipes of Peace as a safe record compared to Tug of War;[29][30] High Fidelity's Mitchell Cohen said that it replaces its predecessor's "tough-mindedness" in favour of "gumdrop music".[29] In The New York Times, Stephen Holden wrote: "Where Tug of War meditated on polarity and conflict ... Pipes of Peace is a pastoral pop mosaic that preaches sweetness, light and tolerance in lovely but lightweight pop music and playfully childlike rhymes."[6]

Others derided it as "insipid",[28][31] "uninspired",[23] "mediocre",[25][32] "forgettable"[31] and lacking "substance".[33] Reviewing the album for the NME, Penny Reel described Pipes of Peace as "A dull, tired and empty collection of quasi-funk and gooey rock arrangements ... with McCartney cooing platitudinous sentiments on a set of lyrics seemingly made up on the spur of the moment."[34] In Musician magazine, J. D. Considine was also negative towards Pipes of Peace, calling it an album which indicates that McCartney is "every bit as shallow as his severest critics have thought him to be".[28] Record magazine's Craig Zeller described Pipes of Peace as "another lousy McCartney album with a couple of halfway decent cuts, a load of hummable pablum and the usual no-risk coasting."[35] Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times complimented Michael Jackson's appearances but otherwise found Pipes of Peace to be filled with songs that lack merit. Hilburn wrote that McCartney still displayed a knack for "delectable" melodies while simultaneously "exhibit[ing] a puzzling lack of ambition and judgment".[32] Several critics criticised the message of "Tug of Peace".[36][37] Writing for Smash Hits, Mark Ellen said the album "has its moments" but mostly features songs that have nothing to say.[27]

More moderately, The Indianapolis Star's Scott L. Miley argued that, while still inferior to Tug of War, Pipes of Peace retains "the power" of its predecessor and is overall a "step up" above most of his solo work, highlighting the Jackson collaborations and "Average Person". Miley further praised the musicality on "Sweetest Little Show" and "Hey Hey", but criticised the lyrics as "light". Overall, he wrote that while Pipes of Peace "doesn't darken McCartney's pop cleverness", it "veils the promise of Tug of War."[36] Mikal Gilmore of the Los Angeles Herald Examiner described Pipes of Peace as "a wonderfully crafted disappointment", writing that it "puts forth a winsome hopefulness that ends up blithe at best, and disarmingly whimsical at worst". He nevertheless praised McCartney's vocal performances, particularly on "Say Say Say".[37] In his review for Record Mirror, Jim Reid complimented the production but found it an album of "habit and routine" and "a decent effort for a man who's lost inspiration and edge".[24]

Later reviews

[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusicStarStarStarHalf star[9]
The Encyclopedia of Popular MusicStarStar[38]
The Essential Rock Discography4/10[39]
MusicHoundStarStar[40]
Pitchfork6.1/10[8]
PopMattersStarStarStarStar[41]
QStarStarStar[42]
The Rolling Stone Album GuideStarStar[43]

In lists ranking McCartney's albums from worst to best, Pipes of Peace has generally placed in the lower half or towards the bottom.[44][45][46] Sounes views Pipes of Peace and its predecessor as "abounding with well-crafted tunes" that almost match the standard of McCartney's work with the Beatles; yet, he adds, the two albums "must be marked down for a surfeit of love ballads with lamentable lyrics".[22] In AllMusic, Erlewine writes that while the album lacks the "gravitas" of its predecessor, it successfully showcases "an impeccable craftsman at play".[9] Reviewing the 2015 reissue of Pipes of Peace, for Pitchfork, Ron Hart notes that, at the time of release, "Some critics derided McCartney for aging gracelessly", yet "a good listen to the album today reveals some ways it was ahead of its time." Hart writes of the song "Tug of Peace": "an early, primitive version of a mash-up that brought together the title cuts of these underappreciated albums. The blend is clunky, but it foreshadows his electronic music work as the Fireman and on Liverpool Sound Collage."[8]

By contrast, Jeff Strowe of PopMatters argues that the album "presents McCartney at his most regrettable" and calls "Pipes of Peace" and "Tug of Peace" a "woefully underdeveloped title track" and a "dreadful mashup", respectively. Strowe writes more favourably of "Say Say Say", however, describing it as "catchy in that pure '80s manner", and highlights "Sweetest Little Show" and "Average Person" as "a nice one-two punch of refreshing creativity that give the proceedings a much needed spark of interest and vitality".[41] Record Collector's Jamie Atkins found Pipes of Peace to be a "let-down" compared to Tug of War and representing the beginning of McCartney's artistic decline.[47]

Track listing

[edit]

All songs written by Paul McCartney, except where noted.

Side one
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Pipes of Peace" 3:56
2."Say Say Say" (feat. Michael Jackson)
  • McCartney
  • Jackson
3:55
3."The Other Me" 3:58
4."Keep Under Cover" 3:05
5."So Bad" 3:20
Side two
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."The Man" (feat. Michael Jackson)
  • McCartney
  • Jackson
3:55
2."Sweetest Little Show" 2:54
3."Average Person" 4:33
4."Hey Hey"
2:54
5."Tug of Peace" 2:54
6."Through Our Love" 3:28
Additional tracks on the 1993 CD reissue
No.TitleLength
12."Twice in a Lifetime"3:02
13."We All Stand Together"4:25
14."Simple as That"4:15

Reissues

[edit]

In 1983, Pipes of Peace made its debut on CD on Columbia Records. In 1993, the album was remastered and reissued on CD as part of The Paul McCartney Collection. Three bonus tracks were included on the latter release: the previously unreleased "Twice in a Lifetime" (the title song of the 1985 film Twice in a Lifetime); his 1984 hit from the Rupert Bear project, "We All Stand Together"; and "Simple as That", released in 1986 on the charity album The Anti-Heroin Project – It's a Live-In World.[48]

The album was reissued in remastered form in 2015 as part of the ongoing Paul McCartney Archive Collection series of releases. The version with "enhanced packaging" contains three discs: the remastered album itself, a bonus audio disc containing mostly demo versions of the songs found on the first disc, and a disc with a film. The reissue was accompanied by the Record Store Day exclusive single "Say Say Say (2015 Remix)".[49]

Archive Collection reissue

[edit]

In 2015 the album was re-issued by Hear Music/Concord Music Group as part of the sixth set of releases, alongside Tug of War, in the Paul McCartney Archive Collection. It was released in multiple formats:[50]

  • Standard edition 2-CD; the original 11-track album on the first disc, plus 9 bonus tracks on a second disc.
  • Deluxe edition 2CD/1DVD Box Set + 112 page essay book and 64 page behind the scenes book about the music video for the song "Pipes of Peace"
  • Remastered vinyl The albums are also available on special gatefold vinyl editions (vinyl editions include a download card).

Disc 1 – remastered album

All songs written by Paul McCartney, except "Say Say Say" and "The Man" co-written by Michael Jackson, and "Hey Hey" co-written by Stanley Clarke. The original 11-track album.

Disc 2 – bonus audio

  1. "Average Person" (demo) – 4:05
  2. "Keep Under Cover" (demo) – 3:44
  3. "Sweetest Little Show" (demo) – 3:00
  4. "It's Not On" (demo) – 2:56
  5. "Simple as That" (demo) – 3:16
  6. "Say Say Say" (2015 remix) – 6:59
  7. "Ode to a Koala Bear" (B-side to "Say Say Say") – 3:48
  8. "Twice in a Lifetime" – 3:02
  9. "Christian Bop" – 2:03

Tracks 1–6 and 9 are previously unreleased.

Additional download tracks available via paulmccartney.com[51]

  1. "Say Say Say" (2015 remix – instrumental) – 3:41

Disc 3 – DVD

  1. "Pipes of Peace" music video
  2. "So Bad" music video
  3. "Say Say Say" music video
  4. "Hey Hey in Montserrat" (previously unreleased home movie footage, 3mins)
  5. "Behind the Scenes at AIR Studios" (previously unreleased 6 min. edit)
  6. "The Man" (previously unreleased home movie footage, 4 mins)

Personnel

[edit]

Musicians

[edit]

String section

  • Kenneth Sillito – orchestra leader
  • Adrian Shepherd – conductor (7)
  • Kenneth Essex, Patrick Halling, Anthony Harvey, Alexander Kok, Alan J. Peters, Michael Rennie, Galina Solodchin, George Turnlund, John Underwood, Denis Vigay, Peter Willison and Gavyn Wright – string players

Production

[edit]
  • George Martin – producer
  • Geoff Emerick – engineer
  • Jon Jacobs – assistant engineer
  • Mike Stavrou – assistant engineer
  • Alex Wharton – mastering

Packaging

[edit]
  • Clive Barker – artwork (chrome sculpture)
  • Vincent van Gogh – artwork (chair and pipe)
  • YES – creative direction, design
  • Linda McCartney – cover photography

Charts

[edit]

Year-end charts

[edit]
Chart (1983) Position
Australian Albums Chart[52] 89
French Albums Chart[69] 43
UK Albums Chart[70] 33
Chart (1984) Position
Australian Albums Chart[52] 94
Canadian Albums Chart[71] 87
Japanese Albums Chart (Oricon)[72] 45
Spanish Albums Chart[60] 9
UK Albums Chart[73] 67
US Billboard Pop Albums[74] 98

Certifications and sales

[edit]
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[75] Platinum 100,000^
Japan (Oricon Charts) — 201,000[57][72]
United Kingdom (BPI)[76] Platinum 300,000^
United States (RIAA)[21] Platinum 1,000,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Perasi 2023, p. 378.
  2. 1 2 Humphries, Patrick. Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace Press Kit. 1983.
  3. ↑ Perasi 2023, pp. 378–379.
  4. ↑ Perasi 2023, p. 379.
  5. ↑ Grein, Paul (26 February 1982). "Martin/McCartney, 'Tug' Team Scores". Billboard. p. 60.
  6. 1 2 3 Holden, Stephen (9 November 1983). "The Pop Life". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2026.
  7. ↑ "Top Album Picks" (PDF). Billboard. 12 November 1983. p. 65. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via worldradiohistory.com.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hart, Ron (6 October 2015). "Paul McCartney: Tug of War / Pipes of Peace". Pitchfork. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Pipes of Peace – Paul McCartney". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  10. ↑ McCartney 2021, p. 595.
  11. 1 2 3 Perasi 2023, p. 383.
  12. ↑ McCartney 2021, p. 569.
  13. ↑ Caudill, Kat (1 May 2026). "Paul McCartney Calls Himself a 'Crazy Fool' in This Apology Song from 1983". American Songwriter. Retrieved 25 September 2026.
  14. ↑ DeRiso, Nick (10 January 2019). "The Best Song from Every Paul McCartney Album". Ultimate Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 26 September 2026. Retrieved 25 September 2026.
  15. ↑ McCartney 2021, pp. 27–28.
  16. ↑ DeRiso, Nick (22 July 2026). "How Paul McCartney Turned Album Finales into a Genre of Their Own". Ultimate Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 7 September 2026. Retrieved 27 September 2026.
  17. ↑ Perasi 2023, p. 381.
  18. ↑ "Paul McCartney: Chart History". Billboard. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  19. ↑ Perasi 2023, p. 388.
  20. 1 2 3 Perasi 2023, p. 395.
  21. 1 2 "American album certifications – Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  22. 1 2 Sounes 2010, p. 390.
  23. 1 2 Radel, Cliff (27 November 1983). "Paul McCartney Scrapes Bottom; Jagger, Stones Rolling Downhill". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Cincinnati, Ohio. p. 97. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. 1 2 Reid, Jim (5 November 1983). "Paul McCartney: Pipes of Peace" (PDF). Record Mirror. Vol. 30, no. 45. p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via worldradiohistory.com.
  25. 1 2 Puterbaugh, Parke (19 January 1984). "Pipes of Peace". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 31 December 2025. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  26. ↑ Christgau, Robert. "Paul McCartney: Pipes of Peace". RobertChristgau.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2026. Retrieved 27 September 2026.
  27. 1 2 Ellen, Mark (10–23 November 1983). "Albums" (PDF). Smash Hits. 5 (23): 17. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via worldradiohistory.com.
  28. 1 2 3 Considine, J. D. (January 1984). "Paul McCartney: Pipes Of Peace (Columbia)". Musician. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Rock's Backpages.
  29. 1 2 3 Cohen, Mitchell (February 1984). "Paul McCartney: Pipes of Peace (Columbia QC 39149)". High Fidelity. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Rock's Backpages.
  30. ↑ Glickman, Cliff (19 November 1983). "McCartney Takes It Easy With Effortless 'Pipes of Peace'". Courier News. Bridgewater Township, New Jersey. p. 22. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. 1 2 Mitchell, Jason (24 November 1983). "McCartney Hits a New Low With Insipid 'Pipes of Peace'". Waterloo Region Record. Ontario, Canada. p. 7. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. 1 2 Hilburn, Robert (6 November 1983). "Still Trying After All These Years". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. 62. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ↑ McCarthey, Tom (11 November 1983). "McCartney's Latest Leaves a Lot to be Desired". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City, Utah. p. M9. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ↑ Reel, Penny (5 November 1983). "Paul McCartney: Pipes Of Peace (Parlophone)". NME. Archived from the original on 28 November 2014 – via Rock's Backpages.
  35. ↑ Zeller, Craig (February 1984). "Paul McCartney: Pipes Of Peace (Columbia)". Record. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Rock's Backpages.
  36. 1 2 Miley, Scott L. (20 November 1983). "McCartney Sags With Light Lyrics". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. p. 7E. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. 1 2 Gilmore, Mikal (11 November 1983). "Pair of Pop Heroes With Something to Prove". Los Angeles Herald Examiner. Los Angeles, California. p. D7. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ↑ Larkin 2006, p. 1257.
  39. ↑ Strong 2006, p. 696.
  40. ↑ Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel, eds. (1999). MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Farmington Hills, MI: Visible Ink Press. p. 730. ISBN 1-57859-061-2.
  41. 1 2 Strowe, Jeff (2 October 2015). "Paul McCartney: Tug of War / Pipes of Peace". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 20 January 2026. Retrieved 27 September 2026.
  42. ↑ Nicol, Jimmy (October 1993). "Re-releases: Paul McCartney The Paul McCartney Collection". Q. p. 119.
  43. ↑ Sheffield, Rob (2004). "Paul McCartney". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). New York City: Simon & Schuster. pp. 526. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. Retrieved 27 September 2026.
  44. ↑ DeRiso, Nick (4 June 2015). "Paul McCartney Albums Ranked Worst to Best". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 29 September 2026.
  45. ↑ Watts, Peter (18 June 2026). "What is Paul McCartney's best album? We ranked them all to find out". Uncut. Retrieved 29 September 2026.
  46. ↑ McGuiness, Paul (10 June 2026). "We ranked Paul McCartney's 26 post-Beatles albums – our top 5 surprised even us". ClassicMusic.com. Retrieved 29 September 2026.
  47. ↑ Atkins, Jamie (October 2015). "Paul McCartney: Tug Of War/Pipes Of Peace". Record Collector. Retrieved 27 September 2026 – via Rock's Backpages.
  48. ↑ Madinger, Chip; Easter, Mark (2000). Eight Arms to Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium. Chesterfield, MO: 44.1 Productions. pp. 285, 608. ISBN 0-615-11724-4.
  49. ↑ "Paul McCartney – Say Say Say". recordstoreday.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  50. ↑ "Paul To Reissue 'Tug of War' and 'Pipes of Peace'". 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  51. ↑ "Downloads". Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
  52. 1 2 3 Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  53. ↑ "Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace – austriancharts.at" (ASP) (in German). Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  54. ↑ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 39, No. 15". RPM. 10 December 1983. Archived from the original (PHP) on 5 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  55. ↑ "dutchcharts.nl Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace" (ASP). dutchcharts.nl. MegaCharts. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  56. ↑ "InfoDisc : Tous les Albums classés par Artiste > Choisir Un Artiste Dans la Liste" (in French). infodisc.fr. Archived from the original (PHP) on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  57. 1 2 Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005. Roppongi, Tokyo: Oricon Entertainment. 2006. ISBN 4-87131-077-9.
  58. ↑ "charts.nz Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace" (ASP). Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  59. ↑ "norwegiancharts.com Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace" (ASP). VG-lista. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  60. 1 2 Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  61. ↑ "swedishcharts.com Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace" (ASP). Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  62. ↑ "Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace – hitparade.ch" (ASP) (in German). Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  63. ↑ "The Official Charts Company Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace" (PHP). Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  64. ↑ "Paul McCartney Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  65. ↑ "Album Search: Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace" (in German). Media Control. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  66. ↑ "Offiziellecharts.de – Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  67. ↑ "Official Albums Chart Results Matching: Pipes of Peace". officialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  68. ↑ "Billboard 200 Week of October 22, 2015". billboard.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  69. ↑ "Les Albums (CD) de 1983 par InfoDisc" (in French). infodisc.fr. Archived from the original (PHP) on 9 February 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
  70. ↑ "UK best albums 1983". Archived from the original on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  71. ↑ "RPM Top 100 Albums of 1984". RPM. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
  72. 1 2 "Japanese Year-End Albums Chart 1984" 1984年アルバム年間ヒットチャート (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  73. ↑ "UK best albums 1984". Archived from the original on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  74. ↑ "1984 Billboard Year-End". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 22 December 1984. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  75. ↑ "Canadian album certifications – Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace". Music Canada. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  76. ↑ "British album certifications – Paul McCartney – Pipes of Peace". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 7 February 2012. Select albums in the Formats field. Type Pipes of Peace Paul McCartney in the "Search:" field.

Sources

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