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List of American supercentenarians

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American supercentenarians are citizens or residents of the United States who have attained or surpassed 110 years of age. By January 2015, the Gerontology Research Group (GRG) had validated the longevity claims of 782 American supercentenarians. [needs update] The oldest living American is Naomi Whitehead (born in Georgia on September 26, 1910, and residing in Greenville, Pennsylvania), aged 116 years, 1 day. The longest-lived American ever was Sarah Knauss, of Hollywood, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, who died on December 30, 1999, aged 119 years and 97 days.[1][2] The oldest validated American man ever is Danish-born Christian Mortensen, who immigrated to the United States at age 21 in 1903. The oldest validated American-born man ever is Walter Breuning.

100 oldest known Americans ever

[edit]

Below is a list of the 100 longest-lived American supercentenarians, according to the GRG and reliable sourcing.

  Deceased   Living

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age Birthplace Place of death
or residence
1 Sarah Knauss[3]
F
 September 24, 1880 December 30, 1999 119 years, 97 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
2 María Branyas Morera[4]
F
 March 4, 1907 August 19, 2024[5] 117 years, 168 days California Spain
3 Delphia Welford[3]
F
 September 9, 1875 November 14, 1992 117 years, 66 days Mississippi Tennessee
4 Susannah Mushatt Jones[3]
F
 July 6, 1899 May 12, 2016 116 years, 311 days Alabama New York
5 Gertrude Weaver[3]
F
 July 4, 1898 April 6, 2015 116 years, 276 days Arkansas Arkansas
6 Elizabeth Bolden[3]
F
 August 15, 1890 December 11, 2006 116 years, 118 days Tennessee Tennessee
7 Besse Cooper[3]
F
 August 26, 1896 December 4, 2012 116 years, 100 days Tennessee Georgia
8 Easter Wiggins[3]
F
 June 1, 1874 July 7, 1990 116 years, 36 days Mississippi Mississippi
9 Jeralean Talley[3]
F
 May 23, 1899 June 17, 2015 116 years, 25 days Georgia Michigan
10 Edith Ceccarelli[3]
F
 February 5, 1908 February 22, 2024[6] 116 years, 17 days California California
11 Naomi Whitehead[7]
F
 September 26, 1910 Living 116 years, 1 day Georgia Pennsylvania
12 Ella Miller[3]
F
 December 6, 1884 November 21, 2000 115 years, 351 days Tennessee Virginia
13 Maggie Barnes[3]
F
 March 6, 1882 January 19, 1998 115 years, 319 days North Carolina North Carolina
14 Dina Manfredini[3]
F
 April 4, 1897 December 17, 2012 115 years, 257 days Italy Iowa
15 Christian Mortensen[3]
M
 August 16, 1882 April 25, 1998 115 years, 252 days Denmark California
16 Hester Ford[3]
F
 August 15, 1905 April 17, 2021[8] 115 years, 245 days South Carolina North Carolina
17 Edna Parker[3]
F
 April 20, 1893 November 26, 2008 115 years, 220 days Indiana Indiana
18 Margaret Skeete[3]
F
 October 27, 1878 May 7, 1994 115 years, 192 days Texas Virginia
19 Bernice Madigan[3]
F
 July 24, 1899 January 3, 2015 115 years, 163 days Massachusetts Massachusetts
20 Gertrude Baines[3]
F
 April 6, 1894 September 11, 2009 115 years, 158 days Georgia California
21 Emiliano Mercado del Toro[3]
M
 August 21, 1891 January 24, 2007 115 years, 156 days Puerto Rico[a] Puerto Rico
22 Bettie Wilson[3]
F
 September 13, 1890 February 13, 2006 115 years, 153 days Mississippi Mississippi
23 Iris Westman[3]
F
 August 28, 1905 January 3, 2021[9] 115 years, 128 days North Dakota North Dakota
24 Marie-Josephine Gaudette[10]
F
 March 25, 1902 July 13, 2017 115 years, 110 days New Hampshire Italy
25 Susie Gibson[3]
F
 October 31, 1890 February 16, 2006 115 years, 108 days Mississippi Alabama
Thelma Sutcliffe[3]
F
 October 1, 1906 January 17, 2022[11] Nebraska Nebraska
27 Edna Kern[3]
F
 October 14, 1900 January 20, 2016 115 years, 98 days California Nevada
28 Elizabeth Francis[3]
F
 July 25, 1909 October 22, 2024[12] 115 years, 89 days Louisiana Texas
29 Augusta Holtz[3]
F
 August 3, 1871 October 21, 1986 115 years, 79 days Prussia[b] Missouri
30 Bessie Hendricks[3]
F
 November 7, 1907 January 3, 2023[13] 115 years, 57 days Iowa Iowa
31 Katie Hatton[3]
F
 December 18, 1876 January 24, 1992 115 years, 37 days Texas Texas
32 Maud Farris-Luse[3][14]
F
 February 21, 1887 March 18, 2002 115 years, 25 days Michigan Michigan
33 Antonia Gerena Rivera[3]
F
 May 19, 1900 June 2, 2015 115 years, 14 days Puerto Rico[c] Florida
34 Mary Bidwell[3][16]
F
 May 9, 1881 April 25, 1996 114 years, 352 days Connecticut Connecticut
35 Hazel Plummer[3]
F
 June 19, 1908 May 25, 2023[17] 114 years, 340 days Massachusetts Massachusetts
36 Ophelia Burks[3]
F
 October 25, 1903 September 27, 2018 114 years, 337 days Louisiana Louisiana
37 Ella Gantt[3][18]
F
 November 30, 1886 October 28, 2001 114 years, 332 days Georgia Georgia
38 Eliza Underwood[3]
F
 March 15, 1866 January 27, 1981 114 years, 318 days North Carolina District of Columbia
39 Mary Josephine Ray[3]
F
 May 17, 1895 March 7, 2010 114 years, 294 days Canada New Hampshire
40 Goldie Steinberg[3]
F
 October 30, 1900 August 16, 2015 114 years, 290 days Moldova[d] New York
41 Ramona Trinidad Iglesias Jordan[3]
F
 September 1, 1889 May 29, 2004 114 years, 271 days Puerto Rico[a] Puerto Rico
42 Delphine Gibson[3]
F
 August 17, 1903 May 9, 2018 114 years, 265 days South Carolina Pennsylvania
43 Mary Royster[3][19]
F
 April 15, 1875 December 28, 1989 114 years, 257 days Virginia North Carolina
44 Bonita Gibson[3]
F
 July 4, 1911 March 10, 2026[20] 114 years, 249 days Kansas Michigan
45 Neva Morris[3]
F
 August 3, 1895 April 6, 2010 114 years, 246 days Iowa Iowa
46 Mary Ana Long[3]
F
 February 18, 1905 October 16, 2019 114 years, 240 days Kentucky Kentucky
47 Blanche Cobb[3]
F
 September 8, 1900 May 1, 2015 114 years, 235 days Georgia Florida
48 Mila Mangold[3]
F
 November 14, 1907 July 2, 2022[21][22] 114 years, 230 days Nebraska California
49 Myrtle Dorsey[3][23]
F
 November 20, 1885 June 25, 2000 114 years, 218 days Ohio Ohio
50 Carrie Lazenby[3][24]
F
 February 9, 1882 September 4, 1996 114 years, 208 days Georgia Illinois
51 Walter Breuning[3]
M
 September 21, 1896 April 14, 2011 114 years, 205 days Minnesota Montana
52 Eunice Sanborn[3]
F
 July 20, 1896 January 31, 2011 114 years, 195 days Louisiana Texas
53 Grace Clawson[3]
F
 November 15, 1887 May 28, 2002 114 years, 194 days United Kingdom Florida
54 Wilhelmina Kott[3]
F
 March 7, 1880 September 6, 1994 114 years, 183 days Illinois Illinois
Adelina Domingues[3]
F
 February 19, 1888 August 21, 2002 Cape Verde[e] California
56 Lucy Mirigian[3]
F
 August 15, 1906 February 12, 2021 114 years, 181 days Armenia[f] California
57 Charlotte Benkner[3]
F
 November 16, 1889 May 14, 2004 114 years, 180 days Germany Ohio
58 Ilse Meingast[3]
F
 March 14, 1912 August 23, 2026[25] 114 years, 162 days Germany California
59 Ettie Mae Greene[3][26]
F
 September 19, 1877 February 26, 1992 114 years, 160 days West Virginia West Virginia
60 Dominga Velasco[3]
F
 May 12, 1901 October 11, 2015 114 years, 152 days Mexico California
61 Irene Frank[3]
F
 October 1, 1881 February 28, 1996 114 years, 150 days Texas Missouri
62 Georgia Ella Jordan[3]
F
 September 18, 1880 February 9, 1995 114 years, 144 days Georgia Virginia
63 Olivia Patricia Thomas[3]
F
 June 29, 1895 November 16, 2009 114 years, 140 days Iowa New York
Alelia Murphy[3]
F
 July 6, 1905 November 23, 2019 North Carolina New York
65 Irene Dunham[3]
F
 December 16, 1907 May 1, 2022[27] 114 years, 136 days Michigan Michigan
66 Nina Willis[3]
F
 January 14, 1909 May 17, 2023[28] 114 years, 123 days Georgia Georgia
Pearl Berg[3]
F
 October 1, 1909 February 1, 2024[29] Indiana California
68 Anna Henderson[3]
F
 March 5, 1900 July 1, 2014 114 years, 118 days Georgia Pennsylvania
69 Emma Verona Johnston[3]
F
 August 6, 1890 December 1, 2004 114 years, 117 days Iowa Ohio
Mamie Rearden[3]
F
 September 7, 1898 January 2, 2013 South Carolina Georgia
Erna Zahn[3]
F
 April 14, 1908 August 9, 2022[30] Wisconsin Minnesota
72 Bettie Chatmon[3]
F
 April 30, 1884 August 16, 1998 114 years, 108 days Louisiana Texas
Lessie Brown[3]
F
 September 22, 1904 January 8, 2019 Georgia Ohio
74 Odie Matthews[3]
F
 December 28, 1878 April 14, 1993 114 years, 107 days Texas Arizona
75 Mary Harris[3]
F
 May 13, 1911 August 22, 2025[31] 114 years, 101 days New York Tennessee
76 Florence Knapp[3]
F
 October 10, 1873 January 11, 1988 114 years, 93 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
Elena Slough[3]
F
 July 4, 1889 October 5, 2003 Pennsylvania New Jersey
78 Mary Anna Boone[3]
F
 February 10, 1887 May 13, 2001 114 years, 92 days Kentucky Kentucky
79 Minnie Whicker[3]
F
 July 24, 1906 October 22, 2020 114 years, 90 days Arkansas California
80 Delma Kollar[3]
F
 October 31, 1897 January 24, 2012 114 years, 85 days Kansas Oregon
81 Ila Jones[3]
F
 August 21, 1903 November 10, 2017 114 years, 81 days Georgia Georgia
82 Maggie Renfro[3]
F
 November 14, 1895 January 22, 2010 114 years, 69 days Louisiana Louisiana
83 Emma Tillman[3]
F
 November 22, 1892 January 28, 2007 114 years, 67 days North Carolina Connecticut
Anna Stoehr[3]
F
 October 15, 1900 December 21, 2014 Iowa Minnesota
85 Leila Denmark[3]
F
 February 1, 1898 April 1, 2012 114 years, 60 days Georgia Georgia
86 Adele Dunlap[3]
F
 December 12, 1902 February 5, 2017[32] 114 years, 55 days New Jersey New Jersey
87 Naomi Conner[3]
F
 August 30, 1899 October 18, 2013 114 years, 49 days Texas Texas
Ora Holland[3]
F
 December 24, 1900 February 11, 2015 Missouri Oklahoma
89 Winnie Felps[3]
F
 October 10, 1911 November 20, 2025 114 years, 41 days Texas Texas
90 Ellen Goodwill[3]
F
 February 2, 1907 March 2, 2021[33] 114 years, 28 days Kentucky Michigan
91 Grace Thaxton[3]
F
 June 18, 1891 July 6, 2005 114 years, 18 days New York Kentucky
92 Soledad Mexia[3]
F
 August 13, 1899 August 30, 2013 114 years, 17 days Mexico California
93 Minnie Ward[3]
F
 November 19, 1885 December 2, 1999 114 years, 13 days Tennessee Massachusetts
94 Arbella Ewing[3]
F
 March 13, 1894 March 22, 2008 114 years, 9 days Texas Texas
95 Catherine Hagel[3]
F
 November 28, 1894 December 6, 2008 114 years, 8 days Minnesota Minnesota
96 Emma Otis[3]
F
 October 22, 1901 October 25, 2015 114 years, 3 days Washington Washington
97 Ellen Jurick[3]
F
 July 15, 1895 July 13, 2009 113 years, 363 days Pennsylvania Michigan
98 Fred Harold Hale[3]
M
 December 1, 1890 November 19, 2004 113 years, 354 days Maine New York
99 Catherine Ferrell[7]
F
 October 10, 1912 Living 113 years, 352 days North Carolina North Carolina
100 Miriam Carpelan[3]
F
 July 8, 1882 June 22, 1996 113 years, 350 days United Kingdom California
Elsie Thompson[3]
F
 April 5, 1899 March 21, 2013 Pennsylvania Florida

Biographies

[edit]

Delphia Welford

[edit]

Delphia S. Welford (September 9, 1875 – November 14, 1992)[34] was an American supercentenarian claimed to have been born on September 9, 1881; however, research conducted by the Gerontology Research Group between 2016 and 2023 concluded that she was actually born in 1875, and that she was born in Okolona, Mississippi.[35] LongeviQuest has subsequently conducted similar research and a similar analysis and reached an identical conclusion, with Delphia Welford having four documents (two US Census entries and two Mississippi state census entries) from 1880 to support her claimed age and with additional documents (Mississippi school census entries) from 1885 and 1892 that decisively rule out the possibility of an identity switch with a younger sibling and that either support or almost support (produce a final age one or two years younger than) her claimed age.[36]

Welford's parents were Richard and Heddie Welford. The family moved to Humboldt, Tennessee, when she was a teenager.[37] She had one son, Leo Mathis, in the late 1890s. Welford never married and spent the rest of her life in Humboldt. She was a homemaker and a member of the Lane Chapel C.M.E Church.

Welford died at Parkview Manor Health Care Center in Humboldt, on November 14, 1992, at the age of 117 years, 66 days. She had been the oldest person ever from the United States after surpassing the age of Easter Wiggins on October 16, 1991. Welford would continue to hold this distinction until November 30, 1997, when Sarah Knauss lived past her final age.[34]

Mary Bidwell

[edit]

Mary Electa Bidwell (May 9, 1881 – April 25, 1996)[16] was an American supercentenarian. She died aged 114 years and 352 days and is the oldest person on record ever to die in Connecticut.[38][39][40]

Her parents were Charles Woodruff Bidwell and Alice Beach Nobel.[39] She was a descendant of John Bidwell, one of the founders of Hartford, Connecticut. Bidwell worked as a teacher in a one-room schoolhouse for six years. She married Charles Hubbell Bidwell, a distant cousin, in 1906.[38] Bidwell lived on her own in North Haven, Connecticut, until she was 110. Bidwell died at the Arden House, a nursing home in Hamden, Connecticut.[40]

Maggie Barnes

[edit]

Maggie Pauline Barnes (née Hinnant; c. March 6, between 1880 and 1882 – January 19, 1998)[41] was an American supercentenarian. She was born to a former slave and married a tenant farmer. Barnes died on January 19, 1998, in Johnston County, North Carolina, of gangrene.[42]

Her exact year of birth has been disputed. Though the year 1882 is written in her family bible, her marriage license claims that she was born in 1880.[42]

Adelina Domingues

[edit]

Adelina Domingues (February 19, 1888 – August 21, 2002) was a Cape Verdean American supercentenarian who was the world's oldest person from the death of 114-year-old British-American woman Grace Clawson on May 28, 2002, to her own death less than three months later.[43] Domingues was born in Cape Verde. Domingues's Italian father was a harbor pilot by profession, and her mother was Portuguese by ethnicity.[44] She married in 1907, and moved to the United States that year.[44] Her husband died from cancer in 1950.[44] Domingues was a missionary from the Church of the Nazarene in Cape Verde and other parts of Africa, and also a religious preacher when she lived in Massachusetts, as well as an expert seamstress.[44]

Domingues was deeply religious, had conservative political views and was a pen pal of former President of the United States Ronald Reagan.[44] She had four children, but only one of them (a son, Frank) reached adulthood.[44] Frank died in 1998 at the age of 71.[44] Domingues died at a nursing home in the San Diego, California, area on August 21, 2002, at age 114 years and 183 days.[44] She had claimed she was actually one year older, but her family and Cape Verdean diplomats did some research and discovered her baptismal information, from which they concluded that Domingues was 114 years old when she died.[45]

John Ingram McMorran

[edit]

John Ingram McMorran (June 19, 1889 – February 24, 2003) was an American supercentenarian who, at the time of his death, was recognized as the oldest living man in the United States and the world's second-oldest living man behind Japan's Yukichi Chuganji.[46][47] Born in a log cabin in Goodland Township, Michigan, McMorran worked a variety of manual labor jobs throughout his life, including manufacturing munitions during World War I and working as a milk deliverer and mail carrier, before finally retiring at the age of 84.[48][49] He spent 51 years married to his wife, Matie, until her death in 1964, and outlived his entire immediate family, including his only son, Robert.[48][50] In 1973, he relocated to Lakeland, Florida, where he spent his final decades residing in a local healthcare facility.[49][47]

McMorran officially became the oldest living validated man in the United States on March 1, 2001, following the passing of 112-year-old John George Painter.[48] Family members and caretakers frequently noted his unconventional lifestyle habits for a supercentenarian; he smoked cigarettes and pipes until age 97, enjoyed greasy foods, and famously credited his extreme longevity to drinking a cup of coffee before every single meal.[46][49] Despite suffering from severe vision and hearing loss in his twilight years, he remained in relatively good health and high spirits.[50][49] He died of heart failure brought on by complications from pneumonia at the Lakeland Regional Medical Center on February 24, 2003, at the age of 113 years and 250 days.[46]

Benjamin Holcomb

[edit]

Benjamin Harrison Holcomb (July 3, 1889 – December 2, 2000) was an American supercentenarian recognized by Guinness World Records as the world's oldest living man in 2000 (before American man John George Painter was discovered to be older)[51][52]. A lifelong farmer in Oklahoma, his life spanned three centuries[51][53]. He passed away at age 111 years and 152 days in Carnegie, Oklahoma[51][54].

Charlotte Benkner

[edit]

Charlotte Benkner (née Enterlein; November 16, 1889 – May 14, 2004)[55][56][57][58] was an American supercentenarian and considered the world's oldest person from 2003 to 2004.[59][55][46] Subsequent recognition of other supercentenarians ranked Benkner as the third oldest at the time of her death.[57]

Benkner was born in Leipzig, Germany, and emigrated to the U.S. in 1896. She grew up in Peekskill, New York, where her family ran the Albert Hotel, and as a young woman once met then U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.[58][60] After her 1908 marriage to Karl Benkner, she moved west, living in Pennsylvania and Ohio, before retiring to Arizona. Already a supercentenarian and the oldest person in Arizona, Benkner returned to Ohio to live in North Lima with her sister Tillie O'Hare, her youngest sibling.[58] Tillie died in January 2004, just three weeks shy of becoming a centenarian.[60] Benkner survived her sister by only four months, and died at age 114 years and 180 days, after a brief hospital stay in Youngstown, Ohio.

Emma Verona Johnston

[edit]

Emma Verona Johnston (née Calhoun; August 6, 1890 – December 1, 2004) was an American supercentenarian who was born in Indianola, Iowa, to a large family.[61] She graduated from Drake University in the Class of 1912 and went on to work as a Latin teacher before she married ophthalmologist Harry Johnston;[62][63][64] at the time of her death, she was the university's oldest living graduate.[62]

At age 98, Johnston moved from Iowa to Ohio in order to live with her daughter and son-in-law. Even after turning 110, she continued to be in good health, alert and engaging in conversations, and was still able to walk up steps.[62] She became the oldest known living American in May 2004.[61] Three months later, on the occasion of her 114th birthday, she was presented with a proclamation signed by then Drake University President David Maxwell.[65] The university's vice president for Institutional Advancement, John Willey, nominated her for an honorary degree.[64] Johnston died in Worthington, Ohio, on December 1, 2004,[61] at age 114 years and 117 days.

Bettie Wilson

[edit]

Bettie Antry Wilson (née Rutherford; September 13, 1890 – February 13, 2006)[66] was thought to be the oldest living person in the United States from December 2004 until the subsequent verification of Elizabeth Bolden. Both were born in the rural South, where they lived less than 100 miles apart. Wilson was the daughter of freed slaves, Solomon and Delia Rutherford.[67]

In April 2005, Wilson moved into a new home funded by donations, in New Albany. She celebrated her 115th birthday in September 2005, and died on February 13, 2006, aged 115 years, 153 days.[66]

Fred Harold Hale

[edit]

Frederick Harold "Fred" Hale Sr. (December 1, 1890 – November 19, 2004) was born in New Sharon, Maine. He married Flora Mooers (d. 1979) in 1910, and had five children, three of which he outlived.[68] Throughout his life, he worked as a railroad worker and a beekeeper, before retiring to pursue gardening and canning produce. At the age of 95, he surfed for the first time in Hawaii, while on his way back to the U.S. from visiting his grandson in Japan.[69] He was recognized by Guinness World Records as the oldest driver in the world at the age of 104, and he continued driving until age 108. At 109, he moved to the Syracuse area in New York State. A lifelong fan of the Boston Red Sox, he was alive to see both their 1918 and 2004 World Series victories.[68]

On March 5, 2004, upon the death of 114-year-old Joan Riudavets of Spain, Hale became the world's oldest living man. He died on November 19, shortly before his 114th birthday, after battling a case of pneumonia[68] and was succeeded as the world's oldest man by Emiliano Mercado del Toro.

Earl Brush

[edit]

Earl Fred Brush (July 17, 1893 – January 10, 2005) was an American supercentenarian recognized as the oldest living man in California at the time of his passing[70][71]. Born in Marshall, Iowa, he later farmed in Minnesota and worked on aircraft carriers in the Bay Area during World War II[70][72]. He retired as an electrical inspector at 70[72], was married for 68 years[72][73], and lived to 111 years and 177 days[70].

George Johnson

[edit]

George Henry Johnson (May 1, 1894 – August 30, 2006) was an American supercentenarian and military veteran who, at the time of his death, was recognized as the oldest living person in California and the state's last surviving veteran of World War I.[74][75] Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Johnson claimed to be a grandson of U.S. President Andrew Johnson, alleging that his father, James, was an illegitimate child of the former president.[75] In 1917, while working as a mail sorter for the U.S. Post Office, he was drafted into the United States Army and served in the Fourteenth Company, 154th Battalion at Fort Greene, North Carolina, and Fort Dix, New Jersey, though he did not see combat before the war ended.[75][76]

Following his military discharge in 1919, Johnson married his high school sweetheart, Ida Dulany, and relocated to California.[75] During World War II, he contributed to the home front war effort by working outfitting cargo vessels at the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond, California.[77] He later secured long-term employment managing the heating plant at the Oak Knoll Naval Hospital in Oakland, California, where he eventually retired.[77][76] Johnson famously lived independently in the Richmond house he built by hand in 1935 out of salvaged lumber, continuing to drive an automobile until failing eyesight forced him to stop at age 102.[74][76] Retrospective analysis of his lifespan by the Gerontology Research Group confirmed him as the state's sole living supercentenarian at the time of his passing.[74] He died of complications from pneumonia at his home at the age of 112 years and 121 days, outliving his wife of 73 years and all direct family members of his generation.[74][76]

Henry Hartmann

[edit]

Henry George Hartmann (July 14, 1894 – November 10, 2005) was an American supercentenarian and among the oldest living men globally.[78][79]. He led his family's industrial glove manufacturing plant in Chicago before retiring to Southern California in 1967.[78][80] Hartmann remained active into his later years and passed away at age 111 years and 119 days in La Jolla, California.[78][80]. Hartmann's death was revealed in his body's autopsy to have been due to amyloidosis, and the GRG noted that his death occurred in spite of the fact that his vital signs were strong shortly before his death.[79]

George Francis

[edit]

George Rene Francis (June 6, 1896 – December 27, 2008)[81][82][83] was an American supercentenarian and the joint second-oldest living man in the world, together with Englishman Henry Allingham, also born on June 6, 1896, until Francis's death aged 112 years and 204 days. He was also the oldest living man in the United States, following the death of then 111-year-old Antonio Pierro on February 8, 2007. Francis was from New Orleans, Louisiana, but after 1949 lived in Sacramento, California, where a local newspaper published a poem that Francis enjoyed reciting to friends and the public throughout his life.[84] He credited his longevity to nature, and enjoyed a rich diet of pork, eggs, milk and lard. He gave up smoking cigars at the age of 75.[85]

Francis attempted to join the U.S. Army in World War I, but was rejected for service in 1918 as being too short and small (he weighed only about 100 pounds [45 kg]). Despite this, he later was a boxer before becoming a barber and then a chauffeur.[81] Less than two months before his death, he celerated the election of Barack Obama as the United States's first African-American President.[86]

Gertrude Weaver

[edit]

Gertrude "Tonpon"[87] Weaver (née Gaines; July 4, 1898 – April 6, 2015) was an American supercentenarian who held the title of world's oldest living person for six days in 2015. She gained the title after the death of Misao Okawa on April 1, 2015, and was succeeded by Jeralean Talley upon her death on April 6, 2015. Weaver became the oldest person in the United States at 114 years old on December 17, 2012.

Gertrude Gaines was born on July 4, 1898, in Lafayette County, Arkansas to sharecroppers Charles and Ophelia Gaines. Gaines married Gennie Weaver (1898–1969), with whom she had four children, on July 18, 1915. Gertrude was outlived by her second son and third child, Joe, who died at 93 in 2018. Weaver worked as a domestic helper for her entire life.[88]

On July 4, 2014, Weaver's 116th and final birthday, the mayor of Camden declared July 4 to be "Gertrude Day" in Weaver's honor. She died on April 6, 2015, of complications from aspiration pneumonia.[89]

Garland Adair

[edit]

Garland Adair (July 30, 1898 – December 11, 2009) was an American supercentenarian who, at the time of his death, was recognized as the oldest living man in the U.S. state of Texas.[90] Born in Fannin County, Texas, he spent his early years working on family farmlands before pursuing commercial trades.[90] Adair was a veteran of World War I, having served in the United States Army.[91] Following his military discharge, he established a career as a mechanic and a storekeeper, operating his own business for several decades in East Texas.[90]

He married his wife, Inez, with whom he shared over 60 years of marriage until her passing.[91] He reached supercentenarian status in July 2008 and was validated by both LongeviQuest and the Gerontology Research Group.[90][91] Adair maintained relatively good health and lived in his own home until entering a care facility in his final years.[90] He passed away in DeKalb, Texas, at the age of 111 years and 134 days.[90]

Hilliard Hudson

[edit]

Hilliard Hudson (February 23, 1899 – November 6, 2009) was an American supercentenarian who, at the time of his death, was the oldest living person in the U.S. state of Alabama and the third-oldest validated living man in the United States.[92][93] Born in Crenshaw County, Alabama, Hudson spent the majority of his youth and adult life working as an agricultural sharecropper and later as an independent farmer.[92] He was known within his community for his lifelong dedication to farming, continuing to tend to household gardens well after his 100th birthday.[94]

Hudson was married to his wife, Maggie, for over 70 years until her death in 1996.[93] His status as a supercentenarian was validated by international demographic research organizations, which tracked his status as one of the last remaining American men born before the turn of the 20th century.[93][92] He passed away peacefully at a healthcare facility in Luverne, Alabama, at the age of 110 years and 256 days.[94]

Bernice Madigan

[edit]

Bernice Madigan (née Emerson; July 24, 1899 – January 3, 2015) was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts,[95][96] and moved to Cheshire when she was six.[97] In 1918, after graduating from Adams High School,[97][98] she responded to government drives to recruit women into employment during WWI, and moved to Washington, D.C.[95] After the war, she worked as a secretary for the Department of the Treasury and the Veterans Administration.[99] She married Paul Madigan (d. 1976) in 1925;[99] they lived in the Washington, D.C., area and then in Silver Spring, Maryland.[97] She retired in 1942, after which she volunteered with the church and at nursing homes, playing the piano for residents.[97] She returned to live with family in Massachusetts in 2007.[99] She participated in Boston University School of Medicine's New England Centenarian Study,[100] and was interviewed and filmed by the Center for Aging at the University of Chicago and the ABC World News.[100] She is one of 100 centenarians in The Archon Genomics XPRIZE.[101][102] She joined social media, with profiles on Facebook and Twitter.[99][103][104] Madigan died in her sleep at the age of 115 years and 163 days on January 3, 2015.[96][104]

Evelyn Kozak

[edit]

Eva Chavka Rivka "Evelyn" Kozak (née Jacobson) (August 14, 1899 – June 11, 2013)[105][106] was an American Jewish supercentenarian,[107][108][109][110] born in New York City to Isaac and Kate Jacobson, who fled from the Russian Empire, and the oldest verified Jewish person in history from November 6, 2012, 12 weeks after turning 113, when she broke fellow German-born American Adelheid Kirschbaum's record of 113 years and 83 days, through until August 27, 2014, when fellow Russian-born American Goldie Steinberg (born October 30, 1900), who was the oldest living Jewish person after her death, broke her record.

Kozak died of a heart attack at a hospital in Brooklyn, New York City, early in the morning of June 11, 2013,[when?] barely around a quarter of a day before the oldest living person, 116-year-old Japanese man Jiroemon Kimura (who died 2:08 a.m. the night of June 12, which is 1:08 p.m. the afternoon of June 11 EDT).

Notes

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Mercado and Iglesias Jordan were born in Puerto Rico, which at the time of their births was a part of the Spanish Empire, it is now an unincorporated territory of the United States.
  2. ↑ Holtz was born in the Province of Posen, which was a part of the German Empire at the time of her birth. Today, this area is a part of Poland.
  3. ↑ Residents of Puerto Rico born on or after April 25, 1898, are United States citizens.[15]
  4. ↑ Steinberg was born in Kishinev, which had then been a part of the Russian Empire. It is now the capital of Moldova.
  5. ↑ Domingues was born in Cape Verde, which was at that time a Portuguese colony. Now it is an independent country.
  6. ↑ Mirigian was born in Western Armenia, then part of the Ottoman Empire.

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "World's oldest person misses millennium". BBC News. December 31, 1999. Archived from the original on December 3, 2024. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
  2. ↑ Frassinelli, Mike (September 25, 1999). "Mrs. Sarah Knauss, the World's Oldest Person, Turns 119". The Morning Call. Archived from the original on December 27, 2007.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 "List of validated supercentenarians in the United States". Gerontology Research Group. Retrieved September 11, 2026.
  4. ↑ "List of validated supercentenarians in Spain". Gerontology Research Group. Retrieved September 5, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Maria Branyas, world's oldest person, dies aged 117". Catalan News Agency. August 20, 2024. Archived from the original on September 22, 2024. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  6. ↑ Smith, Chris (February 22, 2024). "Edie Ceccarelli, Willits resident and oldest living American, dies two weeks after 116th birthday". The Press Democrat. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  7. 1 2 "World Supercentenarian Rankings List". Gerontology Research Group. Retrieved September 11, 2026.
  8. ↑ Korynta, Emma; Mendis, Tanya (April 17, 2021). "She was a pillar | Hester Ford, oldest living American, has died at 116". WCNC-TV. Archived from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
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  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Adelina Domingues, 114; Oldest Person in the U.S. Archived November 13, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times, August 24, 2002.
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  109. ↑ Emma Silvers (August 4, 2011). "Elsie Rich of Santa Rosa is turning 110 — she was among the oldest Jews in the world!". Jweekly. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
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